全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1482篇 |
免费 | 229篇 |
国内免费 | 286篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 229篇 |
大气科学 | 434篇 |
地球物理 | 363篇 |
地质学 | 393篇 |
海洋学 | 220篇 |
天文学 | 16篇 |
综合类 | 95篇 |
自然地理 | 247篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 39篇 |
2020年 | 60篇 |
2019年 | 77篇 |
2018年 | 43篇 |
2017年 | 79篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 88篇 |
2013年 | 114篇 |
2012年 | 92篇 |
2011年 | 94篇 |
2010年 | 75篇 |
2009年 | 116篇 |
2008年 | 99篇 |
2007年 | 93篇 |
2006年 | 95篇 |
2005年 | 62篇 |
2004年 | 53篇 |
2003年 | 57篇 |
2002年 | 70篇 |
2001年 | 55篇 |
2000年 | 45篇 |
1999年 | 48篇 |
1998年 | 43篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 40篇 |
1995年 | 32篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1997条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
RAMS模式在山谷城市模拟性能的检验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用2005年冬季兰州边界层试验的观测数据,分别从边界层结构、近地面温度和风速、地表通量等几个方面检验了RAMS在山谷城市的模拟性能。RAMS模式能很好地捕捉边界层结构特征,模拟的白天混合层高度和夜间稳定边界层高度和观测值非常一致。模式能较好地模拟近地面温度和地表通量的日变化特征。对模拟偏差进行统计分析,结果显示RAMS对近地面温度和风速的模拟结果是可以接受的:近地面温度的平均偏差为-1.73 ℃,RMSE为2.16 ℃,风速的平均偏差为0.35 m·s-1,RMSE和RMSVE分别为1.61 m·s-1和3.15 m·s-1。研究表明,RAMS适合作为研究兰州山谷城市大气边界层的工具。 相似文献
62.
A long history of increases in population pressure in Java has caused agricultural land use to expand and intensify. More recent land use changes caused the conversion of prime agricultural land into residential and industrial area. Results of a dynamic, regional-scale, land use change model are presented, defining the spatial distribution of these land use changes. The model is based on multi-scale modelling of the relations between land use and socio-economic and biophysical determinants. Historical validation showed that the model can adequately simulate the pattern of land use change. Future patterns of land use change between 1994 and 2010 are simulated assuming further urbanization. The results suggest that most intensive land use changes will occur in Java's lowland areas. 相似文献
63.
A Simulation Study on the Extreme Temperature Events of the 20th Century by Using the BCC_AGCM 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
DONG Min WU Tongwen WANG Zaizhi CHENG Yanjie ZHANG Fang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):489-506
Extreme temperature events are simulated by using the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model (BCC AGCM) in this paper. The model has been run for 136 yr with the observed external forcing data including solar insolation, greenhouse gases, and monthly sea surface temperature (SST). The daily maximum and minimum temperatures are simulated by the model, and 16 indices representing various extreme temperature events are calculated based on these two variables. The results show that the maximum of daily maximum temperature (TXX), maximum of daily minimum (TNX), minimum of daily maximum (TXN), minimum of daily minimum (TNN), warm days (TX90p), warm nights (TN90p), summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), and warm spell duration index (WSDI) have increasing trends during the 20th century in most regions of the world, while the cold days (TX10p), cold nights (TN10p), and cold spell duration index (CSDI) have decreasing trends. The probability density function (PDF) of warm/cold days/nights for three periods of 1881-1950, 1951- 1978, and 1979-2003 is examined. It is found that before 1950, the cold day/night has the largest probability, while for the period of 1979-2003, it has the smallest probability. In contrast to the decreasing trend of cold days/nights, the PDF of warm days/nights exhibits an opposite trend. In addition, the frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) have decreasing trends, the growing season has lengthened, and the diurnal temperature range is getting smaller during the 20th century. A comparison of the above extreme temperature indices between the model output and NCEP data (taken as observation) for 1948-2000 indicates that the mean values and the trends of the simulated indices are close to the observations, and overall there is a high correlation between the simulated indices and the observations. But the simulated trends of FD, ID, growing season length, and diurnal temperature range are not consistent with the observations and their correlations are low or even negative. This indicates that the model is incapable to simulate these four indices although it has captured most indices of the extreme temperature events. 相似文献
64.
青藏高原地区不同下垫面陆面过程的数值模拟研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用陆面过程模式Common Land Model(CoLM),选取青藏高原上3个不同下垫面观测站(藏东南站、纳木错站和珠峰站)的观测资料,对这3个野外观测站进行了单点数值模拟试验。根据3个测站的试验数据,对模式中土壤孔隙度和饱和导水率进行了优化,针对青藏高原地区土壤层薄的特点,对模式中土壤分层方案进行了调整。结果表明,调整分层方案后的CoLM模式对3个测站土壤湿度的模拟性能较原分层方案有明显提高,平均偏差均减小0.014以上。但是与观测值相比,藏东南站土壤湿度的模拟整体偏低,纳木错站和珠峰站则整体偏高。对土壤温度而言,3个测站模拟与观测的相关系数都达到了0.9以上,珠峰站偏差较大,调整分层方案后模拟的偏差有一定的改进。模式较好地模拟了3个测站的净辐射、感热通量和潜热通量的日变化和季节变化情况,调整分层方案后潜热通量的改进最为明显。 相似文献
65.
66.
总结了数字高程模型构建、特征提取等并行算法的研究进展,概述了不同并行算法的主要内容;探讨了DTA并行技术在海量地形数据可视化和高性能地学计算的应用,随着DEM的需求日益增大,高精度、高分辨率DEM产品及其附加服务也逐步产品化。最后,通过分析并行计算发展的关键问题,提出DTA并行技术的研究趋势及研究意义,合适的数据划分和结果融合策略、通用并行算法、容错机制和负载均衡策略的设计是今后研究的重要内容,尤其是如何在多种计算模式共同发展的背景下利用并行计算解决地学难题,从而得到更接近现实世界地理环境的模拟,并扩大数字地形分析的应用范围。 相似文献
67.
This paper presents a new, novel, particle-based Bluff Morphology Model (BMM), and with it investigates the stability, collapse, and equilibrium position of soft coastal bluffs (cliffs). This model combines a multiple wedge displacement method with an adapted Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method. At first, the wedge method is applied to compute the stability of the bluff. Once the critical failure mechanism of the bluff slope has been identified, and if the factor of safety for the mechanism is less than 1, the adapted WCSPH method is used to predict the failure movement and residual shape of the slope. The model is validated against benchmark test cases of bluff stability for purely frictional, purely cohesive, and mixed strength bluff materials including 2D static water tables. The model predictions give a good correlation with the expected values, with medium resolution models producing errors of typically less than 2.0%. In addition, the prediction of lateral movement of a surveyed cliff and the dynamic collapse of a vertical bluff are computed, and compare well with published literature. 相似文献
68.
沥青混凝土是由骨料、沥青胶浆、空气按照一定的体积百分比混合而成的多相非匀质混合物,其骨料、沥青胶浆和空气的体积不等、形状各异、介电特性不同、空间位置随机分布,具有明显的多相、离散、随机介质特征.本文基于随机介质模型理论,(1)测量与统计了介电常数在典型沥青混凝土芯样空间上的随机分布统计特征;(2)估算了沥青混凝土介质的自相关函数及其特征参数(自相关长度、自相关角度等),确定其随机介质类型;(3)提出了量化约束下的多相离散随机介质建模算法,以混合型椭圆自相关函数为基础,构建了不同粗糙度因子的多相离散随机介质模型;(4)构建了不同空隙率的多相离散随机介质模型,正演模拟与对比分析了探地雷达波在均匀介质、连续型随机介质和多相离散随机介质中的传播特征.结果表明:多相离散随机介质模型不仅描述了沥青混凝土的多相、离散与空间随机分布统计特征,而且进一步描述了其各组成物质体积百分比,能更全面、准确地描述沥青混凝土的介质特征,同时也为描述其他类似材料或介质提供了新的方法和途径;在多相离散随机介质模型中,探地雷达波散射强烈,随机、无序传播的散射波相互叠加干涉,形成了明显的随机扰动和"噪声",致使异常体反射波扭曲变形、不连续,降低了探地雷达回波的信噪比和分辨率.研究探地雷达波的随机扰动特征与多相离散随机介质模型参数之间的关系,将为定量评价多相离散随机介质的属性参数提供参考和帮助. 相似文献
69.
Forests are important biomes covering a major part of the vegetation on the Earth, and as such account for seventy percent of the carbon present in living beings. The value of a forest’s above ground biomass (AGB) is considered as an important parameter for the estimation of global carbon content. In the present study, the quad-pol ALOS-PALSAR data was used for the estimation of AGB for the Dudhwa National Park, India. For this purpose, polarimetric decomposition components and an Extended Water Cloud Model (EWCM) were used. The PolSAR data orientation angle shifts were compensated for before the polarimetric decomposition. The scattering components obtained from the polarimetric decomposition were used in the Water Cloud Model (WCM). The WCM was extended for higher order interactions like double bounce scattering. The parameters of the EWCM were retrieved using the field measurements and the decomposition components. Finally, the relationship between the estimated AGB and measured AGB was assessed. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were 0.4341 and 119 t/ha respectively. 相似文献
70.
构建表现机场腹地与其航空运输网络间相互关系的结构方程模型,明确“二三产业总产值/总人口数/社会消费品零售总额”与“通航机场数/航班密度/通航里程”2个变量组之间的数量关系。基于腹地陆路交通网络和机场航空运输网络,列出机场陆域可达性和航线可达性的数学表达式,并基于乘客的主观感受组合2类可达性指标得到区域航空运输可达性指标,将该指标作为比选机场空间布局方案的标准。以烟台/威海地区为例对不同机场布局方案的场景进行分析,结果表明:在目前的需求形态下烟台/威海地区应设置1个机场,以使旅客享有较好的航空运输服务,使整个区域的航空运输可达性最优。 相似文献